Destroys Oedipus Essay

â€Å"Chance rules our lives, and the future is all unknown†. Some people think that fate is an unavoidable part of every characters life. Every creature has to die; it is either sooner or later. No matter what fate is destined for someone, human wilfulness is like a virus that can make a life end faster than it should. Yes, fate contributes to the end but the wilfulness also can bring a person’s life to an end. End is equal to destruction. At the same time, the end for Oedipus also represented discovering his own self- knowledge. Destiny of Oedipus is equal to the truth. Theban legend believed strongly in the inevitability of fate. Throughout the course of king Oedipus’s life† he was destined one day to kill his father and to become his own mother’s husband (this prophecy made by Apollo) seem inescapable. Surely, fate put him in the certain places, at certain times. However, it’s his choices and action that ultimately lead to his downfall. People have free will but fate also plays a part in human life. Sophocles, in this play demonstrates how fate and human choice are closely linked. Oedipus had been told about his unavoidable prophecy however he tried to use his free will and choice to determine his destiny. He loved his parents Polybus and Merope, and so used his free will to choose to fled to avoid fulfilling the prophecy. Again fate plays a part driving him towards Thebes and it is fate that means he meets Lauis. However, it is not fate but Oedipus’ temper and pride (his human failing) which forces him to murder his own father â€Å"I was angry and every man of them there I killed. † If only Oedipus could control his temper, perhaps he could alter the course of his life. â€Å"I Oedipus, whose name is known afar†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † I grieve for you my children†, clearly it is his excessive to his pride that give him power to search for a † polluter of the land† also searches for his own identity. He acknowledge that â€Å"I will fight for Laius as if he was my father† †¦ â€Å"If anyone of you knows whose hand it was that killed Laius, let him declare it fully now to me† this is a strong dramatic irony provided by Sophocle that make our audience laugh in tear and yet fell pity for Oedipus who about to set the destruction for him self. Since Oedipus is unaware of his self knowledge which eventually lead to his own banishment â€Å"his fate will be nothing worse than banishment†. He is constantly told by Jocasta â€Å"In God’s name- if you want to live, this must not go on†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † Doomed man! O never live to learn the true! † Teriesias â€Å"You are living in ignorance of you own undoing† and the Shephard † by all the Gods, master, ask me no more! † not to continues with his search. Oedipus is stubborn â€Å"I must pursue this trail to the end, till I have unraveled the mystery of my birth† and does not care what the consequences will be of finding out his true identity. Oedipus is obsessive about the truth. Once he finds out the true Oedipus blinds himself as punishment. This tragic destruction is the fault of Oedipus strong human faults not the word of Gods. â€Å"Oedipus believed that he is the son of the unreachable Gods, also he had the power to do every thing as the Gods requisite. â€Å"I count myself the son of chance†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"What the gods required upon my honor it shall be done†. Here he have not seen himself as a moral (a normal human being), he is still dreaming that he’s the â€Å"great and glorious†, which he challenge himself to fulfill the word of gods. The moment he take duty of the Gods to help the people of Thebes, and willing to search for the murder of Liaus. This is also the end of the road for Oedipus where he can’t run or hide from his fate no more â€Å"what will be will be†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"Fate has come to me†, he trap, collapse and transform back to his real self (real image) which is â€Å"your enemy is yourself† and â€Å"bring (his) death† of his own destruction. Also, we have Jocasta who is distrustful of the oracles until the end of the play. Firstly, she challenge the gods by killed her very first son with the hope to avoid the terrible fate. How can a mother have the heart to do such thing? Surely, Sophocle had treated her very unfairly. Why did Sophocle created such person with no humanity, by the moment that her husband disappeared from Thebes, she had not keen enough to show her love to her husband by † bring everything into light†, instead she just marriage to a new hero ( Oedipus) to continues with her royal life. Even the last minutes she still denies her family fate, where we saw her chose the easy way which commits suicide â€Å"Count no (mankind) happy until (they) die†¦ Which is against what Gods want her to do: to live with Oedipus forever in an ultimately relationship. Her refusal to face life with the knowledge of her family arrangements was weak. By dying she left Oedipus to deal with the shame and humiliation on his own. Her human failings play a major part in the destruction of Oedipus. Fate does play a part in Oedipus destiny. However it is Oedipus’ hamartia, (his moral failing) made up of obsession, anger, aggression and hubris which lead to his destruction. Bringing out the true when combined with the human weaknesses and failings Jocasta, Oedipus now no longer rules and he was banished from Thebes. Oedipus rose above the power of the Gods and took charge of his own life. The audience of this play will always see the hero in Oedipus but with failings all humans possess.

Summary of Plato’s Protagoras

Summary Protagoras In Plato’s dialogue â€Å"Protagoras† Socrates tells a companion his experience and interview with a man he deems fairer than Alcibiades. His name is then revealed to be Protagoras. Protagoras is described as a wise man because if one makes friends with him and gives him money, he would make the benefactor as wise as he is himself. From this it can be understood that Protagoras has the gift of speech. He is able to persuade a man as well as have him to whatever he wishes. A Socrates question that, if soul is more sacred than body, why does Hippocrates choose Protagoras over his family and friends to consult in the matter. He believes that Hippocrates does not even know what a Sophist truly is but still chooses to offer his soul to him. Socrates believes that the food of the soul. He compares a Sophist to a dealer and as all dealers they praise all of their goods indiscriminately. So the customer is in danger of purchasing something that may harm him. If one is not a specialist in the particular field he may be cheated. When absorbing the knowledge of a Sophist one should also be careful and calculate what knowledge is useful to him, as the knowledge will have effects on the soul.Then Protagoras says that by associating with him, he would make Hippocrates a better man by sharing his wisdom daily. He would teach him prudence in private and public affairs, teach him to order his house in the best manner, teach him speak in the affairs of the state. So to say, teach politics and make a good citizen out of him.However, Socrates doubts this. He says in the affairs of the state every citizen has a say and it does not matter if he is or is not taught politics. As well, he says that if a man does gain wisdom there is no gua rantee that he would share it with others or be acknowledged for it.Although, the man is given the gift of wisdom in comparison to other animals, he is not able to govern himself properly, which results in raging, never-ending wars and conflict. Every man if taught properly can attain needed skills (medicine, sciences), however, those already able to teach did not choose lightly their pupils. Good and bad qualities may be influenced by nature and chance.A rational man does not punish in regards of the past (something that cannot be undone) but thinking about the future. He punishes to prevent the wrong from repeating so as emphasising that virtue may be taught. A man punishes those he believes are evildoers.Protagoras believes that justice, temperance and holiness must be taught to all who wish to learn. If the pupil does wrong, he must be punished so he would become better. Those who refuse should be exiled or sentenced to death, as they would be deemed as incurable.People teach ea ch other their virtues according to their own abilities. It may be difficult to find a teacher for an expert artisan but easy for one who is a complete beginner.Virtue may be divided into parts, for example, justice, temperance, and holiness. Although, they are all related, they also differ. They each have their own function.It is said that each quality or action has only one opposite but both temperance and wisdom were concluded to have the same opposite – folly. Later, the characters analyse poems. It is said that it may be hard to become good but impossible to remain good as a man makes mistakes and has weaknesses. Circumstances may make the man lose his goodness. They question what makes a man good. It is said that the good man may become bad in time, but the bad man cannot become bad, as he is already bad. * While a good man will feel for those wronged as well as his family and his country, a bad man will gain join and find faults.

Marketing Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing Products - Essay Example The company will produce bags that will be different from other bags mostly sold in the market. It will add a fashion touch to it in order to give it a trendy look. The sponginess of the bag will add up to it and will strive to provide the consumer with a unique experience. And the fun element in this particular product would be its variance in colors. The consumers will get the opportunity to choose from a wide range of colors. Also, the product will be manufactured by the usage of the topnotch and high quality materials. All these combinations collectively will provide a low weight to the bag that can prove to be the USP (Unique Selling Point) of the product and will primarily meet the needs of the fast moving consumers (Baker, 2009). 2. Discussion of the Service Component of the Product and Its Role in Enhancing the Product The best part of the product would be its after-sales services. The company will provide 1 full year warranty to these bags. And the most important factors tha t could facilitate in maximum number of sales of this product would be: It will provide free repairs and maintenance of the bags for a full year. For adding up to the customization factor, the company is also planning to provide free repair services in the selected customer’s place. ... The company is hoping that it would get a positive leap as it is already recognized in the US and considered as a well known brand. The company is also planning to add more service features to the bags but for that the company will have to increase the price of the bags. So, in the initial stage, the company will provide the customers with the above mentioned service features and will sell the product at a nominal price for the sole purpose of attracting maximum number of customers (Baker, 2009). 3. The Product Expansion to a Product Line, and the Depth and Breadth of the Line For expanding the bags to a product line, the manufacturing and sales processes of these bags need to be expanded too. Also, the company will only be able to expand the product line of these bags when it will be liked by customers. The company can only expand its products when the sales volume and demand for the bags reveals the increasing trend. The expansion will be made depending upon the various processes t hat the company is going to follow. It can be clearly assumed that the product can become highly consumable as the company is well known and very fashionable. If the product introduced generates radical demand then the company can also introduce variance in the size and capacity of the bags. This way it will enable the company to cater to other sections of the society as well. The company will be able to gain the upper hand over its competitors as well. The depth and breadth of the product can also increase to a very large extent if the company can maintain the value and availability of its products. The company can also go for extending the features of the bags by way of collecting feedback from the customers. It can make necessary modifications

You Are The Judge Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You Are The Judge Papers - Essay Example A counter-argument from Zoom would be that it was Corrigan who had manufactured the compass, which was faulty and so Daniel should bring an action against them. It is evident on the facts that the compass was faulty and so it wouldn’t be a cause of installation by Zoom. The argument is more than likely to succeed and would therefore leave the forum of Daniel bringing an action against Corrigan under privity of contract, the law of which will now be discussed. Daniel can argue that since this was a contract whereby he acquired the subject matter that is the compass along with the car, he can enforce the contract against Corrigan (Linden Gardens Trust v Lenesta Sludge). Clearly Daniel does not have any direct remedy against Corrigan and so would be able to bring an action against them. Furthermore, another option that would be available for Daniel would be an order by court requiring the rectification and performance of fault and accepting such breach (Snelling v. John G Snelling). Corrigan can argue that they had a contract with Zoom and they are accountable to them and so Zoom and not Daniel should bring an action for breach of contract forward. This is a strong argument, which has to be rebutted by the principles of privity of contract, which have been discussed above and so would allow a claim by Daniel against Corrigan. Another argument that can be stated by Corrigan would be of faulty installation by Zoom. However, it is evident from the fact that the compass itself was faulty and thus such an argument is likely to fail. Finally the problem that can arise is that of foreseeability. Corrigan would state that medical costs should not be allowed because of the fact that even though the compass was faulty it was clearly not foreseeable that such an act would lead to injury. This argument is more than likely to succeed as the situations that have led to the injury and medical costs were more than unlikely and therefore Daniel

Law Constitutional & Administrative Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law Constitutional & Administrative Law - Essay Example Executive prerogative is therefore important as through it the state can achieve self-preservation, it also shows the trust that the people have on the Crown or the executive to implement and rule on their behalf. In the United Kingdom and most nations under the commonwealth, the Crown, prime ministers and cabinets, governor-generals or persons on whom executive prerogative powers may be bestowed, may exercise prerogative powers. Examples of prerogative powers exercised by the Crown or its representatives in England include the powers over wars, the prerogative of mercy and the power to call for independent public inquiries. Others may include recognizing states or acquiring and ceding territories. However, at times the exercise of the prerogative powers by the Crown or its representatives through the executive may come under strict scrutiny by members of the public or the citizens. In the United Kingdom and other nations following the common law system, prerogative powers may be exe rcised by the Crown either by herself or through the prime minister and his cabinet and may be subject to scrutiny or oversight by either the parliament or the judiciary. Parliamentary Oversight of Executive Prerogative Powers The role of the legislature to oversee and question the exercise of prerogative executive powers is one of the important tenets of governance present in countries that appreciate the supremacy of parliament. Through statutes enacted by the parliament, the legislature can abolish a specific statute. For example, the Canadian 1689 Bill of Rights removed some of the Crowns executive orders that were deemed contentious. Parliament can also displace executive prerogative powers by withdrawing a prerogative previously bestowed on the crown and enacting it in the form of a statute while the prerogative power is withdrawn from the crown. Accordingly, when a statute encroaches into roles that had previously been exercised by the crown, it can be said to have supplanted the role of the executive in exercising the prerogative role of the executive, This was held in A.G v De Keyser's Royal Hotel Ltd1 and Lord Advocate v Dumbarton D.C 2. This is where the learned judges stated that where the statute overlaps the role previously carried out by the prerogative power, the power will be held in abeyance and the executive must abide by the provisions of the statute in question (Hogg and Monahan 2000, p.17). Parliament may play its oversight roles in regulating the exercise of prerogative powers by the executive through a number of methods. These may include through parliamentary debates, divisions, questions asked in parliament, select committees and the interpellation method. Voting which is an important prerequisite for any democracy is also effective especially when the opposition can gather enough members to put the government in check. Parliamentary questions are an important mode of getting information from the government in that oral questions may enable the legislators to have a probe on the policies being implemented by the government. Written questions also help in allowing the members of parliament to get detailed responses from the executive.

Ideal Healthcare System Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ideal Healthcare System - Research Paper Example There is intense poverty in this country. There have been epidemics of HIV/AIDS, malaria and famine. The life expectancy is under 45 years for men and 47 years for women. The country has large mineral mines operated by large multinational companies. At present the United Nations operates several programs that aim to place the country on a proper agricultural footing so that it may begin to relieve an ongoing history of famine. Overview of African Health Care A review of the 2009 article abstracts from the WHO Infodigest of Health Systems and Health Services provides a small glance of some of the problems the African countries face, in comparison to healthcare systems of developing countries (WHO, 2009). The articles detail such topics as the serious brain drain of healthcare professionals leaving Africa, the costs of medicines, government transparency, water supply, disposal of waste material, and the (successful) formation of community advisory boards. In general, the production of health for a country's citizens has been shown to depend on the country's income, education, and lifestyle factors (p.. 90). But it does not continue to improve as these factors increase. As a country's Gross National Income (GNI) increase, there is a point in which its GNI becomes less and less effective in improving health (90). This explains why the United States may have high medical expenditure levels per capital but not much better outcome (87). Kabila reflects the other African countries, it does not have a high GPD and most of its population live outside urban areas. What would the ideal health system be for a country such as Kabila, which like Malawi, showed the percent of GDP that spent on health rose from 6.1 in 2000 to 9.9 in 2007 (WHO, 2010b)? Total government spending on health was 59.7% in 2007 compared to private expenditure which was 40.3. But outside resources on health spending represented 59.9% of the total. Kabila's life expectancy rate was (M/F) 46/48 in 2000 a nd rose to 52/54 in 2007. In developing countries the life expectancy rates are generally in the 40s and 50s, whereas in the developing countries they are in mid-60s reaching through the 70s (WHO, 2010b). Compounding the problem was that Kabila had a child mortality rate of 96 deaths of children per 1000 live births dying under 5 years of age. Cultural Competence Culture should be defined broadly. In the case of Kabila it should include members of all the various ethnic tribes, members of all religions, and it should reach all economic classes from the poor to the high income. There should be no stigma placed or recognized on the status of women or diseased populations. By appreciating the wide expanse of culture in Kabila, access to care for all can be accepted as a necessary vehicle of the general medical delivery plan. Culture beliefs should be understood and appreciated and made part of the medical services. If there are certain habits which women have in regard to childbirth or personal physical being, they should be understood and absorbed by the medical services. Kabila citizens have their own health beliefs and ideas. They have ways of viewing the family structure and the status of women. These cultural beliefs should be understood and then merged into the medical service. The life expectancy of Kabila is quite low in comparison to other countries. Strategic policy principles would have to developed regarding

General Question about Human Resource Managment & Organizational Coursework - 1

General Question about Human Resource Managment & Organizational Behavior - Coursework Example Organizational and team environment contributes to effectiveness of a team. The effectiveness of the team can be gauged through three measures. First is its ability to achieve the desired objective, second is the personal satisfaction and well being of its members and third is the ability to survive over a period of time which is dependent on the commitment of the people and the benevolent environment to operate. The model for team effectiveness organizes the factors that are responsible for team effectiveness into three categories. The three categories are organizational and team environment, team design and team process. Organizational and team environment in turn is determined by the following factors namely reward system, communication system, physical space, organizational environment, organizational structure and leadership. The organizations ability to secure desired resources determines the external environment of the organization. Organizational structure should support team s through delegation of responsibility and authority. Physical space and communication system should be conducive for free flow of information and feedback as well as positive perception of employee. Ongoing support of the team leader along with the reinforcement of good performance through reward system further enhances team’s effectiveness (McShane, 2007).the successful teams require the right type of environment as identified by the model. Rewards can only have positive impact on effectiveness of team if they are sufficient and contingent on team performance. Rewards either financial or psychic, such as recognition, accomplishment and potential for growth, both have a positive impact on team performance. The main purpose of the reward system for the team is to encourage and reinforce behaviors that lead to long term success, growth and sustainability of the

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Peer review - Essay Example the matter of Chato’s son’s dead-body and the matter of Ayah’s children’s treatment, However, the no outside source has been used. I hear the writer’s voice best in the questions he puts forth in the article. The essay starts with a thought-provoking question and concludes with summarization of the theme of Lullaby. This essay revolves around the quotation, â€Å"We are together always. There never was a time, when this was not true† by Ayah in Lullaby. The writer’s question, â€Å"Ayah’s journey through life is filled with loss and hardships brought upon by her heritage and their struggles with the white man; but could it also said that acceptance is a theme that makes itself apparent as well?† relates to thesis in that it highlights Ayah’s acceptance. While the writer has tried to put forth several examples in an attempt to illustrate Ayah’s acceptance of the circumstances, some of them are not very strong e.g. path being covered by snow. Snow stands for coldness, lack of mobility, and lifelessness whereas the writer has interpreted as clarity and optimism. The essay has a good structure and the points discussed try to elaborate Ayah’s acceptance and healing, though some points have been interpreted very

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Journal - Essay Example This trend makes people unenthusiastic to volunteer for testing. The fundamental strategy in resolving this problem is closely associated with the application of strategic ways of wooing the masses to appreciate this significant service. This can be done through encouragement and provision of information on the benefits attributed to HIV counselling and testing. In addition, information should be conveyed to curb the tendency of discrimination against the HIV victims2. The home based approach (HMT), enhances visitation of people by health workers at their homes for counselling and testing. This is done regardless of the group’s perceived HIV risk. The home based approach is perceived to be the widespread tool for counselling and testing HIV. This approach has received overwhelming support from the international players in a bid to prevent and cure HIV. This study focuses on the acceptability of HBT particularly the most prevalent Sub-Saharan Africa region3. In addition, this study examines the factors associated with the uptake of HBT. The researchers searched numerous databases to identify suitable peer-reviewed studies from Africa, which where published amid January 2000 and September 2012. The research included in-depth study of materials that prescribed accepting HIV testing provided through home based HIV test. Diverse types of studies were done. They include randomized controlled trials, observational cohort studies and cross sectional surveys. The magnitude of the information collected by the various methods was attributed to the pooling together of data for easy calculation, of the overall proportion of the people who accepted HIV testing through Home based test. 524, 867 people formed the sample population. They were drawn from five African countries. This study revealed that the ratio of people who accepted HBT ranged from 58% to 99%. It is worth noting that, the

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher Thesis

Uneasiness Due to Less Commanding Novice Physical education teacher - Thesis Example This essay discusses that the experience of the teacher helps the teachers making plans for their lessons keeping in view the characteristics of the class and the attitude of the students. The experienced teacher is able to develop the task for classroom on the basis of their observation of the needs and behaviours of the children but the novice teacher has no or little idea about the attitude and behaviours of the students in the physical education class and their study plans and lessons are mainly based upon the written sources rather than real time observations.After implementing the lesson plans in the first class they have to monitor if there is need of modifying the plans according to the needs of the students. In this situation, the students are not getting refined educational instructions as the teacher has to spend more time on experimenting and testing his lesson plans rather immediately practicing them. The novice teacher often changes their lesson plans and activities on the basis of the class response that causes uneasiness to the students and makes it difficult for the students to easily adjust in the classroom.The decision-making strategies of the novice teacher are also different from the experienced teacher. Unlike the experienced teachers, the novice teacher doesn't have many strategies for managing the students in the class by facilitating their individual performances so the novice teacher mainly focuses upon the interest level of the entire class and make a decision on the basis of the overall interest.

Deviant Behavior and Social Control Essay Example for Free

Deviant Behavior and Social Control Essay Durkheim said, â€Å"We must not say that an action shocks the common conscience because it is criminal, but rather that it is criminal because it shocks the common conscience. † The strain theory by Robert K. Merton suggests that American are geared toward deviance because of a lack of legitimate options to attain the monetary goal that Americans emphasize (Tischler, p. 146). Travis Hirschi posed the control theory which focuses on the importance of the people around you to mold you into a regular lifestyle. He said that there are four main points to why someone will become deviant or not: attachment to others, commitment to conformity, involvement in conventional activities, belief in the moral validity of social rules. If someone displays these four points than they will probably be a functioning member of society. Sociologists suggest the techniques of neutralization, which are ways we will justify the deviant act to ourselves so that we are able to complete it. The five techniques are denial of responsibility, denying the injury, denial of the victim, condemnation of the authorities, and appealing to higher principles of authorities. Lastly, there is the labeling theory which states that individuals will commit secondary deviant acts after the fact that they have already been deemed a deviant by society. A flaw in this theory is that it does not give reason for why the original deviant act was committed. Every theory previously posed does have legitimate facts behind why it could be the cause for deviant behavior, but no single one is completely correct. Although the mesomorphic body type may be deemed as a more aggressive person, this would not be the only reason why the person was deviant, so the biological theory cannot stand alone. The psychological theories have a lot of mental disease that makes them more prone to deviant activity, but it is also proven that these traits are overcome by a good social environment and in some cases the proper medication. Just like the psychological theories, the sociological theories are proven that the environment that one is raised or lives in is a highly important factor, but it is possible for someone in a good environment to be deviant and vice versa. 2. What types of crime exist in the Unite States? There are four main categories of crime in the United States and these crimes range from rape to robbery to embezzlement to public drunkenness. The first category of crime is violent crime which consists of acts such as murder and assault. These crimes usually come with the longest prison sentences, and the good news is that these types of crime have been on the decline over the past few years. Next we have property crime which consists of three quarters of the crime in the United States. Car theft and burglary are examples of property crimes. According to the FBI, a white-collar crime is â€Å"characterized by deceit, concealment, or a violation of trust. † Bernie Madoff, the Enron corporation, and ponzi schemes are what we consider to be white-collar crimes. Finally, we have what are called victimless crimes. These are crimes that break what is considered law, but have no direct victim. Prostitution, drug use, and DUI are all what can be considered victimless. They use the term â€Å"victimless† but the argument can be made that the victim is the person committing the crime because their actions usually harm themselves. 3. What parts of the court and prison system are effective, and what parts are ineffective? Only two out of the four major goals of prison are effective. The first of which is to separate criminals from society, is accomplished by the physical act of taking criminals off the street and putting them behind fences that are twenty feet high with barbed wire, towers with armed guards, and impenetrable buildings of brick and mortar. This is honestly the only thing that our courts succeed in doing, but when you separate them from society, you put them with fellow criminals who have new crimes to teach. The second goal that can be considered effective is that prison is a legitimate punishment for criminal behavior. For me, being in prison is a mental and physical hell because it causes you to be broken down while in a small cell with a bar door and no window and no means of escape. For others it may not be like this though, because as mentioned before in the theories of deviance, a criminal may have psychological problems where they are unable to conform and prison makes them conform so they begin to enjoy what they are unable to have on the outside. Also, most criminals peers are other criminals, so while incarcerated they do not feel completely separated from their usual world. The other two primary goals of the prison systems can be considered highly ineffective. Deterring criminal behavior is the third goal of prisons and as the statistics show, this is not commonly achieved. If prison were a good deterrent than we would not have the crime rate that we have today. If the reward of the crime is greater than what the punishment will be, a crime will be committed. The last goal of the prisons is to rehabilitate. The facts are concrete when showing that prison and the programs within have minimal success rates. My personal observations over the past two weeks concur with the facts. I would estimate that close to ninety percent of the inmates who are in here for drug and alcohol related offenses talk about getting high or drunk on the day they are released, and with fellow inmates. The inmates who are guilty of burglary or robbery and other related offenses admit that they don’t know any other way of life, and that they will continue their criminal ways when released. There will never be a perfect society in which there is no deviant behavior. There is, however, ways in which we can continue to develop a better understanding of what causes the deviant behavior and ways in which we can prevent it. The prison system is continually developing new trial programs to help addicts and alcoholics, along with incorporating programs for criminals to get started on a career path instead of a criminal path. I do not believe that these will ever be one definite answer to why one becomes deviant, but let’s hope that as future progresses the rate at which deviance occurs decreases.

The Cost Leadership Strategy

The Cost Leadership Strategy From his literature research, Porter found the complete framework of Porters Five Forces and Generic Strategies. The long development of Five Forces Analysis has brought to the fact that those forces become the determinants of the industrys competition. These five forces are treat of new entry, rivalry among existing firms, treat from substitute products, bargaining power of buyers, and bargaining power of suppliers. Furthermore, five forces analysis is treated by the organization to measure the level of competition, besides that, it is used as a strong first step in understanding how one industry compares to another and also to determine industry profitability because they influence the prices, costs, and required investment of firm in an industry. In order to be competitive enough, a normal company that seeks profitability would have to understand how they work in its industry and how they affect the company in its particular situation. Therefore, Three Generic Strategies were implemented to establish a strategic agenda for dealing with these five forces. Porter (1980) proposes that if firms pursue any of his three recommended generic competitive strategies they will be able to outperform competitors who do not pursue such strategies. The recommended strategies are cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategy. Cost Leadership Strategy This type of strategy meant for organizations that has goal to achieve the overall lowest cost structure in an industry. This can be fulfilled through applying efficient business system in an organization. An efficient business system creates cost efficiencies and economic of scales to allow a firm to become the lowest-cost producer. Normally, economists believed that an increase in accumulated experience of a firm in producing or distributing a product or service could decrease the cost of producing or distributing a product or service. However, lowest-cost structure cannot be achieved by cutting the cost alone in one area of business; it demands a reduction in costs on all the departments. Cost leadership not only helps a firm to take down the competitors but also increase market share along with better profit margins. Furthermore, this strategy is believed to work best in the certain circumstances. Firstly, the cost leadership strategy can be applied when the price competition among rival sellers is especially strong. Secondly, the strategy is suitable for standardized product or readily available from other sellers in the industry. Thirdly, it works best when organization could have few ways to achieve product differentiation, so that buyers get very sensitive to price differences. Unfortunately, this strategy has weakness since it concerns cost reduction rather than quality of the product that leads to decline in the popularity. It is also supported by the fact that nowadays customers are really critical about the quality of the product that makes more customers choose quality rather than cost conscious. In addition, this strategy will become ineffective with an increase in overall cost of a firms production inputs. Automatically, an organization will find it hard to hold a cost advantage over a longer time in business environment that keeps changing rapidly. Differentiation Strategy Nowadays business environment is really competitive, marketers cannot achieve its goals unless they hold some differential advantage over their rivals. In recent years, much attention has been committed by the marketers to maintain specific competencies; uniqueness could be a strength that makes an organization looks better from its competitors in the eyes of customers. Therefore, uniqueness can be used in gaining a competitive advantage. Obviously, the distinctive competencies also bring incremental value to the market offering when compared to the other offerings to the customers. In consequence, an organization must use different sources of differentiation at different times to build an importance image to its customers. For examples, better features and quality, efficient distribution, research and development, better image of product or service, and also the most important improved customer services. Marketers have realized how customer services could create the business image a nd also build the strong relationships with customers. In the opinion of Thompson and Strickland (1999, cited et Sahaf, 2008) differentiation strategies work best in the some markets circumstances where there are many ways to differentiate the companys offerings from that of rivals and many buyers perceive these differences as having value. In addition, it is also match with the market where buyer needs and uses of the item or service are diverse, few rival firms are following a similar differentiation approach, and technological chance is fast-paced and competition revolves around evolving product features. Although differentiation strategy looks perfect but it also gives some challenges to the organization to complete it. Firstly, it is a difficult task to identify the sources of differentiation that are important for the customers and difficult for the competitors to copy. This task is time consuming and not suitable to the business environment that rapidly changes. Secondly, many of people still prefer to buy low-priced products or services over the products that have desirable features since people have mindset why they should purchase the more expensive one if that the products do not give any incremental value for the customers in a firms market offering. Focus Strategy Focus strategy as suggested by Porter (1985, cited et Sahaf, 2008 ) is based upon the choice of a narrow competitive scope within an industry. By attempting this strategy, it means the organization tries to focus on a particular market segment and to achieve its objective by becoming the market leader in a niche market. The segment may be a group of customers that differentiated by ages and sex. It is believed that an organization can be more efficient and effective by focusing its efforts to a narrow target rather than broad target. Accordingly, this strategy has objective to employ either cost leadership strategy or differentiation strategy to a part of market. A cost focus strategy aims to lowering the prices of the product or service by controlling costs in a narrow target market. For example, a firm is able to be the low cost producer in only one product line. Meanwhile, a differentiation focus strategy means striving to tailor made products to the specific needs of the market s egment. Thus such a strategy could utilize some element of differences of firms market offering to a narrow market segment. For example, a firm may employ its distinctive competencies to focus on one or a few target markets. Thompson and Strickland (1999 cited Sahaf, 2008 ) added that focus strategy will be useful enough to apply on the following circumstances. Firstly, it works best when it has no other rival is attempting to specialize in the same target segment, added with the fact that is quite hard for multi-segment competitors to meet the specialized needs of the target market niche. This strategy also fits when a firm does not have sufficient resources or capabilities to go after a bigger piece of the total market so focus strategy will work well on this situation when it concerns on one market segment. Although the focus strategy looks popular among the organization over past decade, there are some risks that need to be considered if a organization commits to this strategy. Firstly, by focusing only to narrow target, the organization doesnt entitle to enjoy the benefits of the economy of scale that generally occurs in the wide target. Other risks come from the fact that the success of focus strategy over last few years has been attracting many rivals who may think to join the industry that resulting in an increase in the strength of competition. It is believed that an organization not only needs to have entire knowledge about the events and happenings in the industry but also requires choosing among the above mentioned three generic strategies in order to ensure a better marketing performance. Different strategies suggested by Porters generic model call for different organizational systems and capabilities. For example, organizations with adequate resources and good controlling systems may prefer to engage cost leadership and a firm with strong Research and Development facilities may get better results through differentiation strategy. Whereas a small firm with poor resources and inadequate RD facilities may be better off by serving niche markets, therefore, will be more comfortable with focus strategy. three generic strategies.jpg Relationship between Porters Generic Strategies Analysis and Industry Forces The three generic strategies suggested by Porter can be effectively utilised to defend against competitive forces in the business environment. The industry forces take the form of competitive rivalry, barriers to entry, threat of substitutes, buyer power and supplier power. The relationship will be explained below. 1. Competitive Rivalry Competitive rivalry or also called the competition among existing competitors takes many familiar action such as price discounting, launching new product, advertising campaigns, and service improvements. The competitive rivalry signs that it will limit the profitability of an industry because the cost of competition will tend to increase. Highly competitive rivalry normally occurs when the industry is a mature, growth slowly and the players that take part into the competition also have the same strength or size. The only way that company can expand or increase the market share is by attracting the customers so that customers could be commit and loyal. In such situation, the benefits of a cost leadership strategy would be that competitiveness in price. For example, Southwest Airlines Company offers low cost air fare to the customers by eliminating some features or services such as no meals on the board, no assigned seats, interline baggage checking, or premium classes of service. Thus, price tells everything that normally people who want to save cost will go for the lower price. Besides that, Southwests frequent departures and low fares attract price-sensitive customers who used to travel by bus or car, and convenience-oriented travellers who would choose a full-service airline on other routes. This is a proof that cost leadership strategy can be implemented in this type of industry, and resulting in good benefits to the companies. However, as competitors pay high attention to price, cost leadership strategy may not be a favourable as all companies would apply the same strategy too and it ends up by reducing their price dramatically. As such situation, differentiation strategy may give better opportunity to the company because it would able to retain loyal customers and they may stay with the company. The reason why it could retain some loyal customers is the task may seems hard to accomplish for competitors to cope with specialised needs of customers who are part of a niche segment in the market. For the example at here is Starbucks, is a well know coffee company that is differentiated by top of the line image and reputation of twin-tailed mermaid. Starbucks spends a lot of time and energy differentiating itself from the competition such as its design of coffee shops, the music played there and the types of products it sells, such as tumbler, coffee-brewing equipment and jazz CDs. As for focus strategy, companies have the benefits of keeping the differentiation-customers needs so that their rivals are not able to bet them. It cant be denied that companies who applying such strategy have the possibility to charge a premium price for superior quality or may be offering low price product to a small and special group of buyers. Companies like Chanel, Gucci, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts make use of successful differentiation-based focused strategies targeted at wealthy buyers wanting high quality of products and services with world-class attributes. 2. Barriers to Entry Industries that have potential ability to be profitable could attract the outsiders ( companies that dont involve in the particular industry) because there is chance of entering the industry and taking a part in the profit making. New entrants may create the competition, since it has targeted for the same customers that will lead to higher levels of marketing, sales, and promotional expenses by all competitors as the requirements for differentiation continually increase. If a company employing any one of the three strategies would find it easy to create barriers for new entrants. The barriers that cost leadership strategy could offer is economies of scale. It may be considered as one of the barriers. In some industries a companys ability to compete will based on whether it can produce its product or service at a cost that is low enough to offer low competitive price. The experience that company gain for over the years cant be defeated easily for new entrants to compete on price. For example, economies of scales can be found in practically every activity in the value chain; which ones are most important varies by industry. In microprocessors, incumbents such as Intel are protected by scale economies in research, chip fabrication, and consumer marketing. Intel has been dominating the market for a long time and it really difficult for a new entrant to enter because it will require large capital. For differentiation strategy, it is an advantage to the company who adopt this strategy because normally those companies have huge amount of loyal customers toward the companys brand. Thus by knowing this fact, it could discourage the potential entrants to enter the industry. For the instance take the trend of smartphone industry all over the world. This smartphone industry involves three major players that are Blackberrys Research In Motion (RIM), Googles Android, and Apples Iphone. New entrants do not dare to enter the market because they worry whether they are able to compete with the existing players. In addition, also companies that employing the focus strategy over time often develop an understanding through research of their customers preferences, which is a very difficult task for a potential entrant. By doing this way, focus strategy can act as an entry barrier too. 3. Threat of Substitutes Substitutes could have two effects on industry competition and profitability. First, the substitutes products establish a maximum price for products and services in the industry; exceeding the maximum would prompt customers to move to the substitute products that are available. Second, substitutes can shape the competition in an industry to rise their marketing and promotional efforts to stem the outflow of customers. Automatically, it gives pressure to the competitors in the industry to keep the prices as low as possible and to spend more much fund to attract and retain customers, which can depress sales and profits in the industry. For the example, downloading mp3 music to the mp3 player compared to buying CDs in music stores. In order to survive or fight this force, company could apply the cost leadership strategy that aims lower price production against the substitutes. Selling price is one of factors that influence the customers decision whether to purchase the product or service or just switch to the substitutes. Take IKEA as an example, IKEA offers the furniture style at low cost to the customers who are happy to do self service rather than employing a salesman. Furthermore, customers are expected to do their own pickup and delivery so that it helps cutting the selling price of the products. By doing so, IKEA can compete with its substitituttes and retain the customer loyalty. Other than cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy may also be considered as the method to eliminate or minimize these threats of substitutes. If the companies offer products that are differentiated which have no substitute product, it will minimize the threat. For the example, pharmaceutical companies that offer patented drugs with distinctive medical benefits have more power over health maintenance organizations, hospitals, clinics, and other drug buyers such as drug companies. Also by applying differentiation-focused strategies, it does effectively reduce the threat of substitutes. Threat of substitutes is reduced in case of the differentiation-focused strategy due to customer loyalty to the unique aspects of a particular product or service. Again we can take IKEA as an example at this strategy; IKEA has differentiated its marketing strategy on how to attract the young customers. IKEAs marketing concept its unique and not offered in other furniture companies. IKEA displays every product it sells in room-like settings, so customers dont need a decorator to help them imagine how to put the pieces together. And every product has a tag that explains the product materials, size, and price. 4. Buyer Power In the business world, buyers play the main role in the existence of the organization. As we know, buyers action will affect the profitability of the industrys competitors with their purchase choices. The profitability levels in any industry come from the bargaining power that buyers have in purchasing services and products offered. Buyers may affect profitability by demanding that competitors spend money to deliver other valued dimensions such as improved product quality, extended payment terms, promotional support, and other services. Buyers can be said powerful if they have the ability to negotiate leverage relative to industry players, especially if they are price sensitive, using their influences primarily to pressure price reductions. Nevertheless, the buyers power is able to change because it depends with the three generic strategies. Company might attract the large and powerful buyer if the company adopting cost leaders because it has the distinctive capability to offer lower price options to that kind of buyers. It is a benefit to the company to be a cost leader in the industry, one of the benefits is to get customers trust and confidence to the company. Hence, the company can maintain its competitive advantage in the market as other rivals would not able to get strong and powerful buyers. On the contrary, companies employing the differentiation and focus strategies would have a different scenario. It means that buyers in case of these two strategies would have less power as there are few alternatives available to them. For the example, the buyers of Windows operating system for computer or laptop, produced by Microsoft have much less power due to the fact there are not many other alternatives available to them. Even, there is alternative, it is not common to use since people are comfortable using the Windows operating system. Thus, Microsoft not only maintains it competitive but also controlling the market of this industry that actually created the monopoly market. 5. Supplier Power Generally, suppliers that are called powerful will keep more of the value for themselves by charging higher prices, restricting quality or services, or shifting costs to industry participants. In addition, powerful suppliers can press profitability out of an industry that is unable to pass on cost increases in its own prices. At this case, again Microsoft could be a good example; it has contributed to the erosion of profitability among personal computer (PC) producers by increasing prices on operating systems. Definitely, the industry of PC is competing extremely for customers who can easily switch among the producers. As a result, PC producers at this situation have limited freedom to increase their prices. If the supplier has a significant impact on a companys profitability, then it hold substantial power. For example, there is no substitute for what the supplier group provides, the suppliers would have major power and control in the industry. Pilots unions, for example, exercise considerable supplier power over airlines partly because there is no good alternative to a well-trained pilot in the cockpit. Thus, it proves that such companies would have ability to pass the price increases of suppliers to their final customers, through the premium pricing strategy in the scenario of differentiation and focus/niche strategies. What makes differentiation and focus strategy different is the low volume that owned by employing focus strategy even though the firm that applying differentiation-focused strategy is able to pass on supplier price increases easily. Meanwhile in the case of cost leadership strategy, they are isolated from powerful supplier. It normally occurs in the industry that suppliers have essential customer. Hence, suppliers profitability will be closely tied to the industry, and they will want to protect the industry through reasonable pricing and assistance in activities like RD and lobbying (Porter, 1979). . Read more: http://www.ukessays.com/essays/housing/industry-forces-and-generic-strategies.php#ixzz2B36ZAXOp http://www.marketingteacher.com/image/content/five_forces.gif , http://www.managementstudyguide.com/porters-model-of-competetion.htm

Determination of crude fiber

Determination of crude fiber Dietary fiber can be defined as sum of polysaccharides and lignin that are not digested by human digestive enzymes. The major components of dietary fiber are cellulose, noncellulose such as hemicelluloses and pectin, lignin, and hydrocolloids (gums, mucilages, and algal polysaccharides). Human foodstuffs contain mainly noncellulose polysaccharides, some cellulose and little lignin. The average proportions of noncelluloe polysaccharides. Cellulose and lignin for common foodstuff are about 70%, 20% and 10% respectively(Laura and other 2003). The crude fiber method was developed in the 1850s to estimate indigestible carbohydrate in animal feeds. Since an easy alternative was not available, fiber in human foods was measured as crude fiber until the early 1970s (except for Southgate in England). Crude fiber method is one of the gravimetric method that measures the organic food residue remaining after sequential digestion with 0.255N sulphuric acid and 0.313N sodium hydroxide solutions, followed by oven-drying at 104 ºC overnight and ignition in muffle furnace at 600 ºC for 3 hours. The compounds removed are predominantly protein, sugar, starch, lipids and portions of both the structural carbohydrates and lignin. Crude fiber method measures variable amounts of the cellulose and lignin in the sample, but hemicelluloses, pectins, and added gums or hydrocolloids are solubilised and removed. Therefore, crude fibre measurement drastically underestimates dietary fibre in foods since it measures only cellulose and lignin. As a result, crude fiber method is only adequate for determination of fiber in animal feed product, but not suitable for human food analysis as lignin is significant to human health (James N.BeMiller 2003) Determination of carbohydrate Carbohydrates are important in food because carbohydrates provide energy, enhance immune function and support cellular communications. Carbohydrates are converted into energy to allow our cells to function. There are two major types of carbohydrates such as complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are glycogen in human tissue and cellulose in plant tissues. Simple carbohydrates are monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, galactose and disaccharides like maltose, lactose and sucrose (DeWayne McCulley 2005). The most important sources of carbohydrates are plant food such as fruits, vegetables and grains. Milk and milk products contain the carbohydrates lactose (milk sugar) but meat, fish and poultry have no carbohydrate at all. One gram of carbohydrates has four calories. To find the number of calories from the carbohydrates in a serving, multiply the number of grams of carbohydrates by four. For example, one whole bagel has about 38 grams of carbohydrates, equal to about 152 calories (Carol Ann Rinzler 2006). The determination of carbohydrates is one of the most frequently required analyses in the food analysis laboratory and has considerable application in nutritional and biochemical studies. The variety of food and beverage products from food manufacturers continues to expand. This variety, combines with raised expectations of quality and consistency from the consumer, has created a need for analytical methods that provide specific data on the composition of both raw materials and final products. Analyses for carbohydrates must be applicable to simple ingredients, complex processed foods, and fractions or components isolated in nutritional studies. (Eliasson, 2006) There are several methods of carbohydrate analysis and can be divided into physical methods and chemical method. Physical methods generally determined some overall features of the sugars in food such as total carbohydrates. The physical methods include refractometry, polarimetry and hydrometry. Unlike physical methods, chemical methods are able to determined more specific features, for example, reducing sugar. In this experiment, carbohydrates in foods were determined by difference after knowing the content of other food components. The accuracy of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by differenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method depends on the determination of other food components and does not make any distinction between the available and nonavailable carbohydrates. The advantage of this method is carbohydrates content can be calculated without carry out an experiment (Nollet 2004). Determination of Vitamin C Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which forms cementing substance such as collagen in the body is important in wound healing and increasing resistance to infections. This vitamin also enhances the absorption of non-heme iron and may protect against some cancers and cardiovascular disease. Milk contains only a small amount of ascorbic acid (0.94 mg per 100g milk). Processing or exposure to heat such as pasteurization reduces the vitamin C content of milk. The current RDA for vitamin C for most adults is 60mg per day (Gregory and others 1999). Besides, pregnant women need a moderate increased for vitamin C during last trimester to meet the needs of the growing fetus. The vitamin C content in food is strongly influenced by length of time on the shelf and in the storage and cooking practice likes the heating and exposure to copper or iron or to mildly alkaline conditions destroys the vitamin (World Health Organization 1998). The AOAC method for determining vitamin C in food is based upon the reduction of the dye 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) with ascorbic acid in an acid solution. DCPIP is used as the titrant because it only oxidizes ascorbic acid and not other substances that might be present. Besides, it acts as a self-indicator in the titration because it changes to another color when in excess analyte (ascorbic acid). In the oxidized form, DCPIP is purplish-blue in neutral or alkaline solution, and pink in acid solution; the reduced form of dye is colorless. The solution will remain colorless as more DCPIP is added until all of the ascorbic acid has reacted. As soon as the next drop of DCPIP solution is added at the solution and the solution is turn to light red or pink due to the excess DCPIP, the end point of the titration is reached. Hence, the ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid by DCPIP solution. However, this method is not capable of determining dehydroascorbic acid conten t that presents more or less 80% of vitamin C activity shown by ascorbic acid. The diagram below show the reaction between ascorbic acid and 2, 6-dichloroindophenol (DCPIP). (Ball 1997) Redox reaction between ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). Before using DCPIP to quantitatively measure vitamin C, the concentration of the DCPIP solution must be known. The concentration of DCPIP solution can be determined by react the DCPIP solution with a solution of ascorbic acid with a known concentration. This is known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“standardizingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the solution and it must be done before determine the concentration of vitamin C of sample. The vitamin is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration, which is enhanced by high pH and by the presence of ferric and cupric ions. For this reason, the entire analytical procedure needs to be performed at low pH and in the presence of a chelating agent if necessary. (Ronald and Landen 2003) For example, ascorbic acid is extracted from food and titrated with the indicator in the presence of acid like oxalic acid. These acids are used to preserve the correct acidity for reaction and to avoid auto oxidation of ascorbic acid. 1. James N.BeMiller. 2003. Carbohydrate Analysis. In: S. Suzanne Nielsen. Food Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p144-169. 2. Laura E. Matarese, Michele M. Gottschlich. 2003. Contemporary nutrition support practice: a clinical guide. 2nd ed. USA: Saunders. 173-175p. 3. Carol Ann Rinzler. 2006. Nutrition for Dummies. 4th ed. USA: Wiley Publishing. 102p. 4. DeWayne McCulley. 2005. Death to Diabetes: The Six Stages of Type 2 Diabetes Control Reversal. South Carolina: BookSurge. 56p. 5. 3. Ann-Charlotte Eliasson. 2006. Carbohydrates in food. 2nd Edition. USA: CRC Press. 2-3p. 6. Handbook of Food Analysis: Physical Characterization and Nutrient Analysis. 2nd ed. USA: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 387-393p. 7. G. F. M. Ball. 1997. Bioavailability and analysis of vitamins in foods. United Kingdom: Chapman Hall. 521-523 p. 8. Gregory D. Miller, Judith K. Jarvis, Lois D. McBean. 1999. Handbook of dairy foods and nutrition. 2nd ed.USA: CRC Press. 24p 9. World Health Organization. 1998. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. China: Sun Fung. 135-137p. 10. Ronald R.E and W.O.Landen, Jr, 1999. Vitamin Analysis. In: S. Suzanne Nielsen. Food Analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. p 182.

Racism in in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay -- Bluest Eye Essays

Both Toni Morrison's novel about an African American family in Ohio during the 1930s and 1940s, The Bluest Eye and Louise Erdrich;s novel about the Anishinabe tribe in the 1920s in North Dakota, Tracks are, in part, about seeing. Both novels examine the effects of a kind of seeing that is refracted through the lens of racism by subjects of racism themselves. Erdrich's Pauline Puyat and Morrison's Pecola Breedlove are crazy from their dealings with racism and themselves suffer from an internalized racism that is upheld and maintained by social and cultural structures within which they live. Pauline and Pecola become the embodiment of world sickness, of social pathologies as they become increasingly alienated from their bodies. Pecola, driven to want blue eyes by her observations that is is those with blue who receive and thus "deserve" love, eventually loses her mind after she experiences repeated violence at home, at school, and on the street. These violences are all rooted in racism. Pecola begins to believe the lie of racism: that to be black... Racism in in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye Essay -- Bluest Eye Essays Both Toni Morrison's novel about an African American family in Ohio during the 1930s and 1940s, The Bluest Eye and Louise Erdrich;s novel about the Anishinabe tribe in the 1920s in North Dakota, Tracks are, in part, about seeing. Both novels examine the effects of a kind of seeing that is refracted through the lens of racism by subjects of racism themselves. Erdrich's Pauline Puyat and Morrison's Pecola Breedlove are crazy from their dealings with racism and themselves suffer from an internalized racism that is upheld and maintained by social and cultural structures within which they live. Pauline and Pecola become the embodiment of world sickness, of social pathologies as they become increasingly alienated from their bodies. Pecola, driven to want blue eyes by her observations that is is those with blue who receive and thus "deserve" love, eventually loses her mind after she experiences repeated violence at home, at school, and on the street. These violences are all rooted in racism. Pecola begins to believe the lie of racism: that to be black...

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Essay

Smart Bombs: The History and Future of Strategic Bombardment Introduction Every kid loves to hear stories from their grandparents about something that they have experienced in their life. For me, some of the best stories came from my father about the air war that was waged over Europe during World War II. He often told me of a day that a formation of almost 1,000 bombers flew over his base: "The drone of the planes could be heard for miles and made us on the ground feel as small as ants. There were over 1,000 of them overhead, in a perfect formation, each one with four engines roaring. They looked invincible to us on the ground; there were so many of them. After seeing the destruction that they brought upon the German cities and factories, I was thankful they were on our side." Those "invincible" planes my father told me of were American B-17 Bombers. With a range of 1,850 miles, a maximum ceiling of 35,600 ft. and a bomb load of 8,000 pounds, the B-17 Flying Fortress was one of the most capable of the long range bombers of World War II. Though these statistics are impressive, the technology that made this bomber so impressive was its bomb sight. The United States Army Air Corps claimed that its Norden Bomb sight, which was used in the B-17, could "place a bomb in a pickle barrel at 20,000 feet." Though it was not quite as accurate as claimed, it could hit a 100 foot square target area consistently from 20,000 feet. Using this bomb sight, which was considered top secret for the first years of the war, formations of up to 1,000 B-17's would be able to hit a target in broad daylight accurately. The effects of these bombing runs were felt heavily in the Germans manufacturing industry. On October 14, 1943, 229 B-17s ... ...003. 19 March. 2004. http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/batasmn2.htm Webmaster. "GBU-15." Military Analysis Network. May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-15.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-10 (GBU-10)." Military Analysis Network. 19 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-10.htm> Webmaster. "Guided Bomb Unit-28 (GBU-28) Bunker Buster." Military Analysis Network. 28 February. 1998. 19 March. 2004. <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/gbu-28.htm> Webmaster. "Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)." May 13. 2003. 19 March. 2004. ? <http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/smart/jdam.htm> WWII Statistics. 1999. <http://www.angelfire.com/ct/ww2europe/stats.html> ` "Zeppelin ZI." Spartacus School Net. <http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWzeppelin.htm>

Character Study : Harry Hobson :: English Literature

Character Study : Harry Hobson Harold Brighouse Although a prolific and popular playwright and novelist during his lifetime, the reputation of Harold Brighouse today rests almost entirely on his play Hobson’s Choice. Born in Eccles near Salford on 26 July 1882, his mother was a teacher and his father was in the cotton business. Despite gaining a scholarship to Manchester Grammar School, Harold was not a keen student; at seventeen he left school to start work in the textile industry. Henry Hobson, a boot shop owner in Salford, not a very successful one either. Henry has three children, all girls, Maggie, who is thirty, Alice, twenty-three and finally Victoria, known as ‘Vickey’ who is twenty-one. All of the girls work for Hobson, but do not receive any form of wage. Hobson treats the three girls with no respect whatsoever; we understand that this is true by the tone and aggression in Hobson’s voice when he interacts with them. He is the most hypocritical man in ‘Hobson’s Choice’; this is proven by the change in his tone and body language when Ms Hepworth, a high classed customer, enters his shop. When Hobson greets Ms. Hepworth he immediately rushes to pull up a chair for her to sit on. Ms Hepworth questions Henry Hobson about who made her shoes, which she had recently purchased in this shop. Hobson does not give her a straight answer so Ms. Hepworth uses a different, more violent approach to receive an answer. Maggie immediately calls, â€Å"Tubby!† while pulling up the trap door from the pavement referring to Tubby Wadlow, a shoemaker who works for Hobson. Henry assures Ms. Hepworth that he is responsible for all work done in the premises. Tubby is also asked if he made the boots to which he replied, â€Å"They are Willie’s making, those.† Ms. Hepworth then asked who Willie was, when Henry Hobson rushed to answering by saying that he â€Å"is capable of making the man suffer for it†.

A Sermon Review

The preacher’s approach in delivering his sermon was rather argumentative than expository. The first two main points were built around sub-points which argued that God never change. First, unlike man and everything on earth that alters changes, the preacher says â€Å"God is perpetually the same.†Although we do not know what substance that is which we call God, the preacher emphasized that his essence never change. Second, Spurgeons Argued that God’s attribute never changes. He meant that God’s moral attributes such as his mighty power, his omnipotence, his wisdom, and all the powers of God during the beginning of the world never ever changes even with the passing of time.God is ever the same and he never grow old, He never becomes weak nor has his power diminished as the time passed. Third, the preacher argues that God’s plan never changed. That is, his plan for the world and for every creations including the human beings and He is set to fulfill h is plan.The fourth sub-point talks about God’s promises in which Spurgeons argued that God never change his promises. That we can count on God’s promise and the best way of living in this world is to trust in God’s promises.Finally, Spurgeons argued that God is unchanging in his threatenings against ungodly and sinners. That is, when God says â€Å"Those who will not believe shall be damned† and when they are thrown to hell, it will forever and will never ever change despite of the passing of million ages.The preacher emphasized that God’s unchanging character is a depiction of God’s perfection and eternity. That is, if God changes, He could not be perfect anymore and he could not also be eternal. Spurgeons also argued that God as infinite being sees to it that all his words in the past are fulfilled despite of times that passed. Citing the towns and cities that God said will fall, and it happened, it means that God promises and the fulfillm ent of his words transcend beyond time and ages.The content and breadth of the sermon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The content and breadth of the sermon was more of a devotional rather than theological although the sermon also reflects significant theological issues. However, it appears that the content of the sermon was not meant to give a lecture on theology but to emphasize on God’s immutable characteristic so that we can trust God for He is a very reliable God. That is, the sermon was intended to strengthen the faith of the congregation rather that to feed them with theological arguments.The context by which the sermon was given was the period of the great industrialization which means that people during this period were amazed by the introduction of new technologies. This was the time when people look at knowledge as power. In view of this, I could say that the breadth of the sermon was deep and sound with the preacher contending that despite of everything that was coming out of society, God is still the same powerful God and everyone must heed his words and threatening.The depth of his sermonThe depth of his sermon as it appears to me was just fit to the situation and to need of the people during his time. The sermon was neither narrow nor too deep but was more practical and easy to understand even by the least educated listener. Nevertheless the sermon was powerful enough to convince the listeners that God do exist eternally, that He never change, and that we could hold on to his promises.

Business Plan Final Essay

Castle’s Family Restaurant Business Plan: Stage III Executive Summary The purpose of this business plan is to understand the restaurants business and its operations to improve its customer service and its employee relations. The Castle Family Restaurant has eight restaurants that operate under one regional manager that also acts as the Human Resource Manager for the restaurants. The goal is to develop a plan that can decrease the travel time of the regional manager so; that he, Jay Morgan, can save on gas due to high gas prices since each restaurant is located in the northern California area. The objective is to introduce a HRIS application and one vendor that can assist in the developing of the HR department and ease the transitioning of one individual HR manager to multiple employees. There are restaurants with profits in mind and provide the same food and service while the Castle’s Family believes in family, partnerships and developing relationships with one another for a great customer service. Introduction The Castle’s Family Restaurant has eight restaurants in northern California with about 300-340 employees. Most of the employees are part time with about 40% of them full-time. This business plan is to determine strategies that will eliminate the Human Resource position from Jay Morgan, so that he can reduce his travel time to all eight locations and to develop an HR department for the restaurants. In addition, the business plan is to enable Jay Morgan to concentrate on his operation manager duties. Company Review The factors that cause many issues to the Castle’s Family restaurant business are having one individual with so many responsibilities. Therefore, hiring an HR manager to schedule, recruit, hire and assist the employees in their needs will help in creating order. In addition, the restaurant must hire an assistant to help in the administration work; it will decrease the amount of  paperwork for the general manager. And each restaurant must have a manager to overseas the employees and the operation of the restaurant. The managers will conduct meetings monthly to provide the sales, revenues and customer services of each restaurant. Managers can communicate through emails, phone calls if they have questions for each other, or have any concerns. A needs assessment must be conducted to determine if an HRIS is needed for the company. In order to have a successful restaurant business every factor must be considered. For example, customer service to the customers is a big factor becau se that is what brings in the revenue. For a restaurant to have a successful business they must have the right food for their customers to enjoy and to assist the customers any way they can. In the last year, there had been some speculation into how the government will help the small restaurants and that the fiscal will prevent any type of savings in when tax time comes around. These HRIS and vendor application that will be stated in this business plan is there to develop and help maintain the restaurant’s H R department and increase growth in the company. Business Analysis We have acquired an HRIS system that will help in developing the HR department to provide easy process for the employees. The Sage HRIS application is an innovative way to ease the transition from traditional HR to a strategic HR. The Sage applications provide variety of options to assist in the HR process. For example, the payroll application should be implemented to help the restaurant establish tax, earnings, and deduction codes to perform critical payroll functions and to modify the system to the restaurant’s needs. This is the first time Castle’s Family Restaurant is developing a HR department, having the right tools to run a department the right way will allow less mistakes to be made; with eight different locations, adding the sage application will help in the transitioning all locations into one. Furthermore, it is critical for a company to have leadership to help establish the employee’s strengths and improve their weaknesses. In addition, the sageâ€⠄¢s time and attendance can help manage the employee’s attendance and work time. The system enables you to collect, analyze, and take control of employee’s attendance and labor data. The  application will help the company in providing perks to employees that always come to work on time. In addition, the performance management application tracks employee’s performance; help identify their critical skills to help the employees in their career development. Furthermore, I have compare and contrast a vendor that would benefit your company. These two vendors provide great services but one match your company’s true values and its missions. The Castle’s Family Restaurant need a vendor that can help in developing long lasting relationship and demonstrates positivity so that individuals can be their best. Furthermore, automation is viable to reduce the need of human errors that can results in more major consequences. Automation errors can occur at any time, the solutions are easy to fix, and automation provide easy data that can be change, delete and edit. HRIS Type/Comparison The type of HRIS that the Castle Family Restaurant should implement is the Sage application as I have stated before. In order for such application to be developed a vendor must be selected to help in the process. The sage application is a best fit for the company because it has a group of team that can help in assisting in any technical difficulties. When developing new HR department, errors will consist and questions will need to be answered. Therefore, a new training program will need to develop to increase each employee’s skills and performances in the Human Resources Department. The Sage application has the career enhancement training; they have created a system that can help in detecting IT skills, leadership’s skills, etc.; that can benefit your restaurant. The application has an easy to read system. The vendors that I have selected are the ADP and the Rideau Recognition Solutions. The ADP provides all services for domestic international, small or large companies, it does not matter where you operate, and they are there to assist in developing the business. The Rideau Recognition Solutions provide services that inspire employees to succeed to the vendor’s belief. Their expertise is to help their clients build positive relationships with their people to reflect the company’s values and increase customers’ expectations. The Rideau main purpose and their definition of a business are being inspirational and providing inspiration to others. While  ADP is well recognized company that can assist in developing an HR department, and have the tools to performed the job, but because of the deep meaning and relationship that can develop with the Rideau Recognition Solutions and the restaurant being a family company; I believe that the Rideau is the best solution for the Castle’s restaurant. HRIS Vendor Recommendation I have recommended that your company, The Castle’s Family Restaurant, to choose the Sage HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. They have the right tools that can establish the restaurant business, and their tools can assist in the development of the HR department. In the restaurant business there will be a lot of risks such as food poising, slip and fall and property damages. Once these types of risks occur this is where the HR department comes in to assist in resolving the situation. This why there should be training when these disadvantages come to light. The sage applications have the proper tools to help decide the professional way to handle such situations. The HRIS application provides professional training to each individual HR employee. While these risks can occur, another problem that cans cause small businesses disadvantage are the fiscal cliff which this year small business operators tax rate has increase by 5 percent. Furthermore, knowing these disadvantages will allow you, the Castle’ Restaurant to prepare yourself as a restaurant. In addition, using these vendors and HRIS system will permit better training; and develop great communication between the HR department and the employees and managers for great customer service. It is important to know the negative factor and a positive factor on owning a small business restaurant and to prepare for any tactics on a professional level. In conclusion, I recommend the Sage as your HRIS application and the Rideau Recognition Solution as your vendor. Conclusion The Castle’s Family Restaurant has been operating on one person basis, with eight restaurants to oversee. There are many duties to maintain to assure a  smooth business; with such issues that can arise in each restaurant, developing an HR department to oversee these tasks will reduce risks that can occur. I have concluded that the Sage HRIS and Rideau Recognition Solution are the chosen application and vendor for your company to help in the developing your restaurant business. The application and vendor will and can assist you in many different factors and help improve employee communication. References Frumkin, Paul. â€Å"How ‘fiscal cliff’ deal impacts small restaurateurs, franchisees.† Nations’s Restaurant News. Jan 9, 2013. Retrieved on 8/24/2013 < http://nrn.com/latest-headlines/how-fiscal-cliff-deal-impacts-small-restaurateurs-franchisees>

Comparative Essay: To Kill A Mockingbird and Martin Luther Kin Essay

Choose 2 of the texts we have studied and explain how each composer has successfully communicated their message to the responder. In the text To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the ‘I have a dream’ speech by Martin Luther King Jnr, both composers have conveyed strong messages that are communicated through narrative and oral techniques. These messages of courage and prejudice and discrimination are what the composer thought is necessary to write in order to change social attitudes towards these issues. Both texts were written at a time when those who were oppressed were fighting for freedom and tolerance by those who discriminated. Atticus Finch shows a remarkable amount of moral courage by defending Tom Robinson in Court when accused of raping a white woman. This act takes courage, as Atticus already knows the small town of Maycomb has found Tom guilty. The intolerance and racism that has been widespread among southern society for hundreds of years may not be eliminated by this case, but Atticus will fight anyway. â€Å"†¦if I didn’t I couldn’t hold my head up in this town†¦I couldn’t even tell you or Jem not to do something again† This quote said by Atticus to Scout in an effort to teach Scout about social etiquette and morals. Atticus feels that he must have honesty in all sides of his life and that if he were to be false as a lawyer he would not be true to his family or friends. Having the children at the court case exposes them to the prejudice and hypocracy faced to those who a different to the majority. In the novel, coloured people are seen as dangerous and violent to those who are prejudiced. † I seen that black nigger†¦ruttin on my Mayella!†¦lived down yonder in that nigger-nest†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Bob Ewell says this when he gets carried away while accusing Tom Robinson. The quote demonstrates that Bob feels ‘Negroes’ are inferior savages that have no rights or feeling and is displayed when he uses language reserved for animals. By using Scout to narrate the story allows Harper Lee to expose the responder  to views and attitudes formed by minor with innocence. The audience learns about prejudice and discrimination as Scout learns. Through her eyes we see her father, Atticus, show moral courage as he defends a coloured man in court. The ending of the novel is cautiously optimistic as Atticus does not win the court case but still manages to have taught his children valuable life lessons. Martin Luther King Jnr stood up in front of a crowd, about 250, 000 followers who had gathered in Washington from around the world, and delivered a truly inspiring speech. The speech he gave that day on August 28th, 1963 became an anthem to those who were and still are being discriminated against. King knew of the risks he faced by standing up for himself and others in his position and what he did that day took courage and bravery. â€Å"†¦the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty†¦an exile in his own land†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This quote conveys that King felt that discrimination occurred in every aspect of a coloured persons life: personal, economic, political, religion and opportunity. â€Å"†¦lift our nation from the quick sands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood†. This phrase talks about everyone making an effort with the nation to stop racial prejudice and together form a peaceful and loving nation. The tone of the speech makes it almost ironic that America is the ‘land of opportunity’ and ‘liberty’, and that the ‘American Dream’ is equality and yet has colour restrictions and those who are racially different are discriminated against. King used many techniques to make his message as clear and precise as possible. These resources included call and response interaction with the audience; a ‘calm to storm’ delivery which begins in a slow professional manner before gradually reaching its dramatic climax; repetition; imagery used when, for example, he is contrasting between light and darkness (hope and imprisonment); and finally allusions such as religious or political. Both composers wrote their texts for the same purpose, to help change social  attitudes and to challenge the responder to employ tolerance and understanding. They achieved this by using various techniques to convey messages that help the audience ‘walk in someone else’s shoes’ for a brief moment of time. King leaves his audience with a feeling of hope and optimism for the future; Lee’s ending provides cautious optimism but it is still apparent. Both texts leave the audience with valuable knowledge and insight into a era of great prejudice and discrimination.

Did General Haig deserve to be the Butcher of the Somme?

1 July 1916, Battle of Somme started, fought by the armies of the British and French empires against the German Empire. It took place on either side of the River Somme in France, and it ended on 18 November 1916. The battle caused millions of deaths and injuries between both sides. The war changed peoples’ thinking towards war. From a great adventure, to a bloody event. General Douglas Haig was one of the commanders from the British army in the Battle of Somme, the battle with one of the highest casualties in British military history.Some people called him â€Å"Butcher Haig† or â€Å"Butcher of the Somme† after his death in 1928, because he sent thousands of British soldiers to their death. But does he deserve the title? Or was he just doing his job and was there any misunderstanding in the battle? I will talk about the evidences and explain why many people view both sides and if he deserves the title or not. The offensive (Britain & France) conceived the idea a s a battle of attrition, attacking the Germans, the aim being to drain the German forces of reserves, although territorial gain was a secondary aim.On the first day of the battle of the Somme, Commander Haig’s army (The fourth army of Britain) lost 57,470 casualties, of which 19,240 men were killed, for only one day. The French had a â€Å"complete success† which collapsed the German Defenders in south of the Albert–Bapaume road. South bank of the German defense was made incapable of resisting another attack. They retreated to the north bank which abandonment of Fricourt was ordered. The German army went to the north bank and inflicted a huge defeat on the British infantry, which killed so many Britain soldiers.A lot of people called Douglas Haig the Butcher of the Somme. Here are some pieces of evidence to support this point of view. â€Å"The biggest murderer of the lot was Haig. I’m very bitter; always have been and always will be and everybody else t hat knew him. He lived almost 50 kilometers behind the line and that’s about as near as he got. I don’t think he knew what a trench was like. And they made him an Earl and gave him  £100,000. I know what I’d have given him† (Fred Pearson, commenting on Haig in a local newspaper in 1966) Pearson was a private on the Western Front.This suggests where Haig’s position was and the opinion of the soldier in the Front line. It also tells us that General Haig received a large amount of money and an Earl given by the loyal afterward. And although there were a lot of murderer (Commanders in charge) during the war time, but Haig led a large amount of the British army to death as they called him the BIGGEST murderer. This source was written years after the war in a local newspaper called Pro Venanic.It can be trusted because it was written by a person who was in the battle who experienced what the war was like and what Haig was doing. â€Å"We were completel y exhausted. † Haig wrote, â€Å"If the war lasted, our army defeat seemed certain. † He really believed that he had won the battle. Although the Germans had lost 680,000 men during the war and had retreated 10 kilometers back from their trenches. They human cost of the Britain and French were also very high. Especially on the first day of the battle, which lost a massive number of casualties in the war history?Which made the people bitter and angry especially the anger from the men in the Front line, seeing Haig standing kilometers behind them, thinking that he was being a coward, and the ones who lost their family and relatives on the 1st of July? P. Smith was also a private in the 1st Border regiment fighting on the Somme. He was one of them who called Haig a Butcher. He wrote this in his diary, â€Å"It was pure bloody murder. Douglas Haig should have been hung, drawn and quartered for what he did on the Somme. The cream of the British manhood was shattered in less than six hours.†From this quote, we can see that this person who is angry at what Haig did in the war. He wrote this on July 1916, which was the first month of the battle of the Somme. Given that over 50 thousands soldiers died on the first day, Haig as the leader of the team, P. Smith wrote, â€Å"†¦Haig should have been hung, drawn and quarried for what he did on the Somme†¦Ã¢â‚¬  in his own diary, since the diary was only written for himself to read, he wrote down all his feelings towards the war as a soldier and this source is reliable, because no one would tell a lie in their own  private diary, and he was actually there at the battle of the Somme and he saw thousands of friends and family killed.The source supports the point that Douglas Haig is the Butcher of the battle of the Somme. â€Å"Haig was a second –rate Commander in unparalleled and unforeseen circumstances. He was not endowed with any of the elements of imagination and vision†¦ And he certainly had none of that personal magnetism which has enabled great leaders of men to inspire multitudes with courage, faith and a spirit of sacrifice†¦ He was incapable of planning vast campaigns on the scale demanded on so immense a battlefield.†This was written by David Lloyd George, British Prime Minster during the First World War, writing in his War Memoirs (1935). It gives us an idea of General Haig’s planning of war and he was incapable to be a great leader as immense a battlefield. He also describes Haig as a â€Å"second rate commander† because of the high death count at the Somme. This source is reliable because given the fact that it was written by a Prime Minister of Britain during WW1. â€Å"I want you to understand that there is a difference between a rehearsal and the real thing.There are three essential differences: first, the absence of the enemy. Now turning to the Regimental Sergeant- Major what is the second difference? † Ser geant Major. † The absence of the General, Sir. † This source was written in a cartoon from the British satirical magazine Punch (February 1917) the purpose was to make fun of the generals as we can see in the cartoon. This source is very useful for us knowing more about General Haig at the time, in the cartoon, the major general is addressing the men before an attack behind the lines.This is also reliable, because it was written in 1917, which was after the battle of the Somme. And it gives out information about Haig and his team. John Laffin, an author in modern days, wrote in his history book, British Butchers and Bunglers of World War One (2003), â€Å"Haig and other British generals must be blamed†¦ for willful blunders and wicked butchery. However stupid they might have been, however much they were the product of a system which obstructed enterprise, they knew what they were doing.There can never be forgiven. † Although Laffin earned his living taking p eople on battlefield tours and researched the war entirely from the soldiers’ standpoint, however he wasn’t in the battle, as he didn’t see what really happened and what Haig was doing at the time, he knew and heard all the things in the history by others. So this source can be either reliable or not and it might not be so fair to Haig saying that he is a butcher. On the other hand, the second interpretation is that Haig was just doing his job as a general.Different people have their different evidences for that. â€Å"The truth is that those ruddy-cheeked, bristling-mustached, heavy- jawed, frequently inarticulate generals rose to challenge after challenge, absorbed weapon after weapon into their battle-systems, and adapted themselves to constant change with astonishing success. But no one cared to make a legend out of that. † This was written by a historian named John Terraine in his Study of the Somme. â€Å"The Smoke and the Fire† in 1980.†Å"The truth is that those ruddy-cheeked, bristling-mustached, heavy- jawed, frequently inarticulate generals rose to challenge after challenge†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Terraine was talking about Haig, although Haig made a lot of success during the war, no one realized it and no one cares about it to make a legend out of that. This might be supporting the point that he was just doing his job and he made a great success in the war. A Lieutenant in the Yorkshire Light Infantry who was gassed on the Somme and invalided back to Britain, writing in a letter to the Daily Express (21st December 1916, â€Å"During the first half of the war, our leadership was flawless – perfect.There was an obvious genius for pure generalship which has made Sir Douglas Haig fit to rank with any general of past or modern times. † This source says that Haig was a flawless leader and a genius. The writer says that Haig led his team and Britain to victory and he is the hero of us. â€Å"Which has made Sir Do uglas Haig fit to rank with any general of past or modern times? † This quote tells us that Haig was one of the best Britain leaders who had quite a lot of support from the locals. This source is also reliable because it was written in December 1916, right after the war ended.The author knew what happened, although he didn’t really saw what happened in the trench. Here is a photograph showing crowds welcoming Sir Haig home from France. It was taken on 12th April 1919, a few months after the war ended. This gives us an idea that a lot of people welcoming him back and they didn’t blame him of such a massive number of death in total. They treated him as a hero of Britain who led his army to victory and saved Britain. However, this might not be such reliable as the other evidences. A photograph cannot represent the whole thing.And the photo might not be real, or it was just created by the government to raise the support to Haig. A video is more reliable then a photo because we can see the start to the end. A photo is just a capture of one single moment. There might be some other things happened in the past or later. â€Å"Blaming Haig the individual for the failings of the British war effort is putting too much of a burden of guilt on one man. Haig was the product of his time, of his upbringing, education, and training and previous military experience.One argument goes that he was, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced would there have been anyone better for the job? Even on the Somme a German officer called the battlefield ‘the muddy grave of the German army'. † This source was written by S. Warburton, in an article in the history magazine, â€Å"Hindsight†, which takes a fresh look at historical issues. The magazine was published in 1998, many years after the Battle of Somme. This source suggests reasons Haig are not a butcher and we shouldn’t blame him too much.â€Å"One argument goes that he wa s, ultimately, victorious and, even if he had been replaced would there have been anyone better for the job? † He says that Haig is a great commander at the war that no other can replace him for doing a better job. He tried his best and put a lot of effort on the planning and war, so that Britain had its victory at last. This source was written in 1998. Although the author might not be seeing the war time, it is reliable and it can be trusted that Haig was doing a great job during the war.There are more and more evidences to support both sides of opinion. They have their own point of view that we can’t say that they are right or wrong. In my own opinion, I think that General Haig deserves the title the Butcher of the Somme. He sent 50,000 Britain to death just for one day. He didn’t know what a war is like. His plan failed. Although it was the experts’ idea, but he should consider it was a good plan or not before actually doing it. He really believed that he won the battle, but in fact he did not.The Germans lost 680,000 men in the war, but at the same time, the deaths of Britain and French in total had the same amount of people died of the German empire. Haig refused requests for extra hospital trains to be made available before the attack beg. His outdated tactics led to the war being even more prolonged and unintentionally prevented a victory over the Germans. He had no idea what a real war is. He thought he was successful, but he was not. He wasn’t prepared for war, used people who were inexperienced soldiers at all.July 1 was one of the most deaths in war in the war history. He repeated the mistakes opposite of what was said organized. He is the Butcher of the Somme, I think. Overall, there is still a debate between he is a butcher or he was just doing his job. No matter which side wins, there were still a large number of people died in the Battle of the Somme. A lot of people lost their homes, and lost their family. Alth ough it was General Douglas Haig, who sent them to their death, there might be some misunderstanding in between.